Tramadol Solution for 100mg/2ml in Prefilled Syringes Taj Pharma

Tramadol Solution for 50mg/1ml, 100mg/2ml in Prefilled Syringes Taj Pharma.

1. Name of the medicinal product

Tramadol 50mg/ml Solution for Injection or Infusion.

2. Qualitative and quantitative composition

a) Tramadol Solution for Injection or Infusion 50mg/ml in Prefilled Syringes

Each Prefilled Syringe contains 1ml solution of
Tramadol hydrochloride             50mg/ml

b) Tramadol Solution for Injection or Infusion 100mg/2ml in Prefilled Syringes

Each Prefilled Syringe contains 2ml solution of
Tramadol hydrochloride 50mg/ml
(100mg/ 2ml of Tramadol hydrochloride.)

For a full list of excipients see Section 6.1.

3. Pharmaceutical form

Solution for Injection or Infusion

A clear colourless solution in glass Prefilled Syringes.

4. Clinical particulars

4.1 Therapeutic indications

For the treatment and prevention of moderate to severe pain.

4.2 Posology and method of administration

Tramadol 50mg/ml Solution for Injection should not be administered for longer than absolutely necessary. If long-term pain treatment with Tramadol 50mg/ml Solution for Injection is necessary in view of the nature and severity of the illness, then careful regular monitoring should be carried out (if necessary, with breaks in treatment) to establish whether, and to what extent, further treatment is necessary.

The dose should be adjusted to the intensity of the pain and the sensitivity of the individual patient. The lowest effective dose for analgesia should generally be selected. The total daily dose of 400mg tramadol hydrochloride should not be exceeded, except in special clinical circumstances.

The tramadol solution is for parenteral injection either intramuscularly, by slow intravenous injection or diluted in solution (see Section 6.6 Special instructions for use and handling) for administration by infusion or patient controlled analgesia.

Adults and children 12 years and over:

The usual dose is 50mg or 100mg 4 to 6 hourly by either intramuscular or intravenous routes. Intravenous injections must be given slowly over 2–3 minutes. The dose should be adjusted according to the severity of the pain and the response.

For post-operative pain, an initial bolus of 100mg is administered. During the 60 minutes following the initial bolus, further doses of 50mg may be given every 10-20 minutes, up to a total dose of 250mg including the initial bolus. Subsequent doses should be 50mg or 100mg 4- 6 hourly up to a total daily dose of 400mg.

Geriatric patients

A dose adjustment is not usually necessary in patients up to 75 years without clinically manifest hepatic or renal insufficiency. In elderly patients over 75 years elimination may be prolonged. Therefore, if necessary, the dosage interval is to be extended according to the patient’s requirements.

Renal insufficiency/dialysis and hepatic impairment

In patients with renal and/or hepatic insufficiency the elimination of tramadol is delayed. In these patient’s prolongation of the dosage intervals should be carefully considered according to the patient’s requirements.

Children under 12 years:

Not recommended.

4.3 Contraindications

Tramadol 50mg/ml Solution for Injection should not be given to patients who have previously demonstrated hypersensitivity towards tramadol or any of the other ingredients (see Section 6.1 for ‘list of excipients’). Tramadol 50mg/ml Solution for injection should not be given to patients suffering from acute intoxication with alcohol, hypnotics, centrally acting analgesics, opioids or psychotropic drugs.

In common with other opioid analgesics, tramadol should not be administered to patients who are receiving monoamine oxidase inhibitors or within two weeks of their withdrawal (see section 4.5 ‘Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction’).

Tramadol 50mg/ml Solution for Injection is contraindicated in patients with epilepsy not adequately controlled by treatment.

Tramadol must not be used in narcotic withdrawal treatment.

4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use

Warnings

At therapeutic doses, tramadol has the potential to cause withdrawal symptoms. Rarely, cases of dependence and abuse have been reported.

At therapeutic doses withdrawal symptoms have been reported at a frequency of 1 in 8,000. Reports of dependence and abuse have been less frequent. Because of this potential the clinical need for continued analgesic treatment should be reviewed regularly.

Tolerance, psychic and physical dependence may develop, especially after long-term use. When a patient no longer requires therapy with tramadol, it may be advisable to taper the dose gradually to prevent symptoms of withdrawal.

In patients with a tendency to drug abuse or dependence, treatment should be for short periods and under strict medical supervision.

Tramadol 50mg/ml Solution for Injection is not a suitable substitute in opioid dependent patients. The product does not suppress morphine withdrawal symptoms although it is an opioid agonist.

Tramadol 50mg/ml Solution for Injection may cause drowsiness and this effect may be potentiated by alcohol and other CNS depressants. Ambulant patients should be warned not to drive or operate machinery if affected (see section 4.7 Effects on the ability to drive and use machines)

Concomitant use of Tramadol Solution for Injection and sedating medicinal substances such as benzodiazepines or related substances, may result in respiratory depression, sedation, coma and death. Concomitant prescribing with these sedating medicinal products should be only undertaken where no other option is available. If concomitant prescribing is the only option, the lowest effective dose of Tramadol should be used, and duration of concomitant treatment should be as short as possible. Patients should be monitored closely for signs and symptoms of respiratory depression and sedation. It is recommended to inform patients and their caregivers to be aware of these symptoms (see section 4.5).

CYP2D6 metabolism

Tramadol is metabolised by the liver enzyme CYP2D6. If a patient has a deficiency or is completely lacking this enzyme an adequate analgesic effect may not be obtained. Estimates indicate that up to 7% of the Caucasian population may have this deficiency. However, if the patient is an ultra-rapid metaboliser there is a risk of developing side effects of opioid toxicity even at commonly prescribed doses.

General symptoms of opioid toxicity include confusion, somnolence, shallow breathing, small pupils, nausea, vomiting, constipation and lack of appetite. In severe cases this may include symptoms of circulatory and respiratory depression, which may be life threatening and very rarely fatal. Estimates of prevalence of ultra-rapid metabolisers in different populations are summarised below:

Post-operative use in children

There have been reports in the published literature that tramadol given post-operatively in children after tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy for obstructive sleep apnoea, led to rare, but life threatening adverse events. Extreme caution should be exercised when tramadol is administered to children for post-operative pain relief and should be accompanied by close monitoring for symptoms of opioid toxicity including respiratory depression.

Children with compromised respiratory function

Tramadol is not recommended for use in children in whom respiratory function might be compromised including neuromuscular disorders, severe cardiac or respiratory conditions, upper respiratory or lung infections, multiple trauma or extensive surgical procedures. These factors may worsen symptoms of opioid toxicity.

Precautions

Tramadol 50mg/ml Solution for Injection should be used with caution in opioid-dependent patients, patients with head injury, a reduced level of consciousness of uncertain origin, disorders of the respiratory centre or function, increased intracranial pressure, severe impairment of hepatic and renal function and in patients prone to convulsive disorders or in shock. In patients sensitive to opiates the product should only be used with caution.

Convulsions have been reported at therapeutic doses and the risk may be increased at doses exceeding the usual upper daily dose limit (400mg). Patients with a history of epilepsy or those susceptible to seizures should only be treated with tramadol if there are compelling reasons.

The risk of convulsions may increase in patients taking tramadol and concomitant medication that can lower the seizure threshold (see section 4.5 ‘Interactions with other Medicinal Products and other Forms of Interactions’).

Care should be taken when treating patients with respiratory depression, or if concomitant CNS depressant drugs are being administered, or if the recommended dosage is significantly exceeded, as the possibility of respiratory depression cannot be excluded in these situations. At therapeutic doses respiratory depression has infrequently been reported.

In one study using a nitrous oxide/opioid (tramadol) anaesthetic technique (with only intermittent administration of enflurane ‘as required’) tramadol was reported to enhance intra- operative recall. Hence its use during potentially very light planes of general anaesthesia should be avoided.

Two studies of tramadol administration during anaesthesia comprising continuous administration of isoflurane have shown clinically significant lightening of anaesthetic depth or intra-operative recall. Therefore providing the current practice of administering continuous, potent (volatile or intravenous) anaesthetic agent is followed; tramadol may be used intra- operatively in the same way as other analgesic agents are routinely used.

This medicinal product contains approximately 8.29mg sodium acetate trihydrate (1.4mg sodium) per 2ml dose.

4.5 Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction

Tramadol 50mg/ml Solution for Injection should not be combined with MAO inhibitors (see Section 4.3 ‘Contraindications’).

In patients treated with MAO inhibitors in the 14 days prior to the use of the opioid pethidine, life-threatening interactions on the central nervous system, respiratory and cardiovascular function have been observed. The same interactions with MAO inhibitors cannot be ruled out during treatment with Tramadol 50mg/ml Solution for Injection.

The concomitant use of opioids with sedating medicinal products such as benzodiazepines or related products increases the risk of respiratory depression, sedation, coma and death because of additive CNS depressant effect.

The dose of Tramadol and the duration of the concomitant use should be limited (see section 4.4)

Concomitant administration of Tramadol 50mg/ml Solution for Injection with other centrally acting drugs, including alcohol, may potentiate CNS depressant effects (see Section 4.8 ‘Undesirable Effects’).

Tramadol can induce convulsions and increase the potential for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), tricyclic antidepressants, antipsychotics and other seizure threshold-lowering medicinal products (such as bupropion, mirtazapine, tetrahydrocannabinol) to cause convulsions.

Theoretically there is a possibility that tramadol could interact with lithium. There have been no reports of this potential interaction.

Concomitant therapeutic use of tramadol and serotonergic drugs, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), MAO inhibitors (see section 4.3), tricyclic antidepressants and mirtazapine may cause serotonin toxicity. Serotonin syndrome is likely when one of the following is observed:

• Spontaneous clonus
• Inducible or ocular clonus with agitation or diaphoresis
• Tremor and hyperreflexia
• Hypertonia and body temperature > 38 °C and inducible or ocular clonus.
• Withdrawal of the serotonergic drugs usually brings about a rapid improvement. Treatment depends on the type and severity of the symptoms.

There have been isolated reports of interaction with coumarin anticoagulants resulting in an increased INR with major bleeding and ecchymoses in some patients and so care should be taken when commencing treatment with tramadol in patients on anticoagulants.

Pharmacokinetic studies were conducted to investigate the effects of cimetidine, quinidine and carbamazepine on the pharmacokinetics of tramadol.

Carbamazepine – The simultaneous administration of carbamazepine markedly decreases serum concentrations of tramadol to an extent that a decrease in analgesic effectiveness and a shorter duration of action may occur.

Cimetidine – With the concomitant or previous administration of cimetidine clinically relevant interactions are unlikely to occur. Therefore no alteration of the tramadol dosage regimen is recommended for patients receiving chronic cimetidine therapy.

Quinidine – A study in 12 healthy volunteers has shown that quinidine causes an approximate 25% increase in the tramadol C_max and AUC; T_max is unaffected. However, the increases in C_max and AUC fall within the normal therapeutic range for tramadol, and no dosage adjustment is required.

Other active substances known to inhibit CYP3A4, such as ketoconazole and erythromycin, might inhibit the metabolism of tramadol (N-demethylation) probably also the metabolism of the active O-demethylated metabolite. The clinical importance of such an interaction has not been studied (see section 4.8).

In a limited number of studies the pre- or postoperative application of the antiemetic 5-HT3 antagonist ondansetron increased the requirement of tramadol in patients with postoperative pain.

4.6 Fertility, pregnancy and lactation

Pregnancy

Animal studies with tramadol at very high doses have revealed effects on organ development, ossification and neonatal mortality Tramadol crosses the placenta. There is inadequate evidence available on the safety of tramadol in human pregnancy, therefore Tramadol 50mg/ml Solution for Injection should not be used in pregnant women.

Tramadol – administered before or during birth – does not affect uterine contractility. In neonates it may induce changes in the respiratory rate which are usually not clinically relevant. Chronic use during pregnancy may lead to neonatal withdrawal symptoms.

Breast-feeding

Approximately 0.1% of the maternal dose of tramadol is excreted in breast milk. In the immediate post-partum period, for maternal oral daily dosage up to 400 mg, this corresponds to a mean amount of tramadol ingested by breast-fed infants of 3% of the maternal weight- adjusted dosage. . For this reason tramadol 50mg/ml Solution for Injection should not be administered during breast-feeding or alternatively, breast-feeding should be discontinued during treatment with tramadol.. After a single administration of tramadol however, it is not usually necessary to interrupt breast feeding.

Fertility

Post marketing surveillance does not suggest an effect of tramadol on fertility. Animal studies did not show an effect of tramadol on fertility.

4.7 Effects on ability to drive and use machines

Tramadol 50mg/ml Solution for Injection may cause somnolence and dizziness and these effects may be potentiated by alcohol and other CNS depressants. Ambulant patients should be warned not to drive or operate machinery if affected.

This medicine can impair cognitive function and can affect a patient’s ability to drive safely. This class of medicine is in the list of drugs included in regulations under 5a of the Road Traffic Act 1988. When prescribing this medicine, patients should be told:

• The medicine is likely to affect your ability to drive
• Do not drive until you know how the medicine affects you
• It is an offence to drive while under the influence of this medicine
• However, you would not be committing an offence (called ‘statutory defence’) if:

o The medicine has been prescribed to treat a medical or dental problem and

o You have taken it according to the instructions given by the prescriber and in the information provided with the medicine and

o It was not affecting your ability to drivesafely

4.8 Undesirable effects

Rapid intravenous administration may be associated with a higher incidence of adverse effects and therefore should be avoided. The most commonly reported adverse drug reactions are nausea and dizziness, both occurring in more than 10 % of patients.

The frequencies are defined as follows:

very common (≥1/10), common (≥1/100, < 1/10); uncommon (≥1/1000, ≤1/100); rare (≥1/10000, ≤1/1000), very rare (≤ 1/10000), not known (cannot be estimated from available data).

Cardiovascular system disorders:

Uncommon: cardiovascular regulation (palpitation, tachycardia, postural hypotension or cardiovascular collapse). These adverse effects may occur especially after intravenous administration and in patients who are physically stressed.

Rare: bradycardia,

Nervous system disorders:

Very common: dizziness. Common: headache, somnolence.

Rare: changes in appetite, paraesthesia, tremor, epileptiform convulsions, involuntary muscle contractions, abnormal coordination, syncope, speech disorders.

Epileptiform convulsions occurred mainly after administration of high doses of tramadol or after concomitant treatment with medicinal products which can lower the seizure threshold (see sections 4.4 and 4.5).

Psychiatric disorders:

Rare: hallucinations, confusion, sleep disturbance, delirium, anxiety and nightmares. Psychic side effects may occur following administration of tramadol, which vary individually in intensity and nature (depending on personality and duration of medication). These include changes in mood (usually elation, occasionally dysphoria), changes in activity (usually suppression, occasionally increase) and changes in cognitive and sensorial ability (e.g. decision behaviour, perception disorders). Dependence may occur.

Eye disorders:

Rare; blurred vision, miosis, mydriasis.

Respiratory system disorders:

Rare: respiratory depression, dyspnoea.

If the recommended doses are considerably exceeded and other centrally depressant substances are administered concomitantly (see section 4.5), respiratory depression may occur.

Worsening of asthma has been reported, though a causal relationship has not been established.

Gastrointestinal disorders:

Very common: nausea.

Common: vomiting, constipation, dry mouth.

Uncommon: retching, gastrointestinal irritation (a feeling of pressure in the stomach, bloating), diarrhea

Skin and subcutaneous disorders:

Common: sweating.

Uncommon: dermal reactions (e.g. pruritus, rash, urticaria).

Musculo-skeletal system disorders:

Rare: muscle weakness.

Hepatobiliary system disorders:

In a few isolated cases, increases in liver enzyme values have been reported in a temporal connection with the therapeutic use of tramadol.

Renal and urinary system disorders:

Rare: micturition disorders (difficulty in passing urine, dysuria and urinary retention)

General disorders:

Common: fatigue.

Immune system disorders

Rare: allergic reactions (e.g. dyspnea, bronchospasm, wheezing, angioneurotic edema) and anaphylaxis.

Metabolism and nutrition disorders:

Rare: changes in appetite

Not known: hypoglycaemia

Investigations:

Rare: increase in blood pressure

Symptoms of withdrawal reactions, similar to those occurring during opiate withdrawal, may occur as follows: agitation, anxiety, nervousness, insomnia, hyperkinesia, tremor and gastrointestinal symptoms. Other symptoms that have very rarely been seen with tramadol discontinuation include: panic attacks, severe anxiety, hallucinations, paresthesia, tinnitus and unusual CNS symptoms (i.e. confusion, delusions, personalization, derealization, paranoia).

Reporting of suspected adverse reactions

Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorization of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions.

4.9 Overdose

Symptoms

In principle, on intoxication with tramadol symptoms similar to those of other centrally acting analgesics (opioids) are to be expected. These include in particular miosis, vomiting, cardiovascular collapse, consciousness disorders up to coma, convulsions and respiratory depression up to respiratory arrest.

Treatment

The general emergency measures apply. Keep open the respiratory tract (aspiration!), maintain respiration and circulation depending on the symptoms. The antidote for respiratory depression is naloxone. In animal experiments naloxone had no effect on convulsions. In such cases diazepam should be given intravenously.

In case of intoxication orally, gastrointestinal decontamination with activated charcoal or by gastric lavage is only recommended within 2 hours after tramadol intake. Gastrointestinal decontamination at a later time point may be useful in case of intoxication with exceptionally large quantities.

Tramadol is minimally eliminated from the serum by hemodialysis or haemo-filtration. Therefore, treatment of acute tramadol intoxication with haemodialysis or haemofiltration alone is not suitable for detoxification.

5. Pharmacological properties

5.1 Pharmacodynamic properties

Analgesics – other opioids

Tramadol 50mg/ml Solution for Injection is a centrally acting analgesic. It is a non-selective pure agonist at mu, delta and kappa opioid receptors with a higher affinity for the mu receptor. Other mechanisms, which may contribute to its analgesic effect, are inhibition of neuronal reuptake of noradrenaline and enhancement of serotonin release.

Tramadol has an antitussive effect. In contrast to morphine, analgesic doses of tramadol over a wide range have no respiratory depressant effect. Also gastrointestinal motility is less affected. Effects on the cardiovascular system tend to be slight. The potency of tramadol is reported to be 1/10 (one tenth) to 1/6 (one sixth) that of morphine.

Paediatric population

Effects of enteral and parenteral administration of tramadol have been investigated in clinical trials involving more than 2000 paediatric patients ranging in age from neonate to 17 years of age. The indications for pain treatment studied in those trials included pain after surgery (mainly abdominal), after surgical tooth extractions, due to fractures, burns and traumas as well as other painful conditions likely to require analgesic treatment for at least 7 days.

At single doses of up to 2 mg/kg or multiple doses of up to 8 mg/kg per day (to a maximum of 400 mg per day) efficacy of tramadol was found to be superior to placebo, and superior or equal to paracetamol, nalbuphine, pethidine or low dose morphine. The conducted trials confirmed the efficacy of tramadol. The safety profile of tramadol was similar in adult and paediatric patients older than 1 year (see section 4.2).

5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties

More than 90% of tramadol is absorbed after oral administration. The mean absolute bioavailability is approximately 70 %, irrespective of the concomitant intake of food. The difference between absorbed and non-metabolised available tramadol is probably due to the low first-pass effect. The first-pass effect after oral administration is a maximum of 30 %.

Tramadol has a high tissue affinity (V _d,ß= 203 + 40 l). It has a plasma protein binding of about 20 %.

Following a single oral dose administration of tramadol 100 mg as capsules or tablets to young healthy volunteers, plasma concentrations were detectable within approximately 15 to 45 minutes within a mean C_max of 280 to 208 mcg/L and T_max of 1.6 to 2h.

Tramadol passes the blood-brain and placental barriers. Very small amounts of the substance and its O-desmethyl derivative are found in the breast-milk (0.1 % and 0.02 % respectively of the applied dose).

Elimination half-life t_1/2,ß is approximately 6 h, irrespective of the mode of administration. In patients above 75 years of age it may be prolonged by a factor of approximately 1.4.

In humans tramadol is mainly metabolised by means of N- and O-demethylation and conjugation of the O-demethylation products with glucuronic acid. Only O-desmethyltramadol is pharmacologically active. There are considerable interindividual quantitative differences between the other metabolites. So far, eleven metabolites have been found in the urine.

Animal experiments have shown that O-desmethyltramadol is more potent than the parent substance by the factor 2 – 4. Its half-life t_1/2,ß (6 healthy volunteers) is 7.9 h (range 5.4 – 9.6 h) and is approximately that of tramadol.

The inhibition of one or both types of the isoenzymes CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 involved in the biotransformation of tramadol may affect the plasma concentration of tramadol or its active metabolite.

Tramadol and its metabolites are almost completely excreted via the kidneys. Cumulative urinary excretion is 90 % of the total radioactivity of the administered dose. In cases of impaired hepatic and renal function the half-life may be slightly prolonged. In patients with cirrhosis of the liver, elimination half-lives of 13.3 + 4.9 h (tramadol) and 18.5 + 9.4 h (O- desmethyltramadol), in an extreme case 22.3 h and 36 h respectively, have been determined. In patients with renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance < 5 ml/min) the values were 11 + 3.2 h and 16.9 + 3 h, in an extreme case 19.5 h and 43.2 h respectively.

Tramadol has a linear pharmacokinetic profile within the therapeutic dosage range.

The relationship between serum concentrations and the analgesic effect is dose-dependent, but varies considerably in isolated cases. A serum concentration of 100 – 300 ng/ml is usually effective.

Paediatric population

The pharmacokinetics of tramadol and O-desmethyltramadol after single-dose and multiple- dose oral administration to subjects aged 1 year to 16 years were found to be generally similar to those in adults when adjusting for dose by body weight, but with a higher between-subject variability in children aged 8 years and below. In children below 1 year of age, the pharmacokinetics of tramadol and O-desmethyltramadol have been investigated, but have not been fully characterized. Information from studies including this age group indicates that the formation rate of O-desmethyltramadol via CYP2D6 increases continuously in neonates, and adult levels of CYP2D6 activity are assumed to be reached at about 1 year of age. In addition, immature glucuronidation systems and immature renal function may result in slow elimination and accumulation of O-desmethyltramadol in children under 1 year of age.

5.3 Preclinical safety data

On repeated oral and parenteral administration of tramadol for 6 – 26 weeks in rats and dogs and oral administration for 12 months in dogs haematological, clinico-chemical and histological investigations showed no evidence of any substance-related changes. Central nervous manifestations only occurred after high doses considerably above the therapeutic range: restlessness, salivation, convulsions, and reduced weight gain. Rats and dogs tolerated oral doses of 20 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg body weight respectively, and dogs rectal doses of 20 mg/kg body weight without any reactions.

In rats tramadol dosages from 50 mg/kg/day upwards caused toxic effects in dams and raised neonate mortality. In the offspring retardation occurred in the form of ossification disorders and delayed vaginal and eye opening. Male fertility was not affected. After higher doses (from 50 mg/kg/day upwards) females exhibited a reduced pregnancy rate. In rabbits there were toxic effects in dams from 125 mg/kg upwards and skeletal anomalies in the offspring.

In some in-vitro test systems there was evidence of mutagenic effects. In-vivo studies showed no such effects. According to knowledge gained so far, tramadol can be classified as non- mutagenic.

Studies on the tumorigenic potential of tramadol hydrochloride have been carried out in rats and mice. The study in rats showed no evidence of any substance-related increase in the incidence of tumours. In the study in mice there was an increased incidence of liver cell adenomas in male animals (a dose-dependent, non-significant increase from 15 mg/kg upwards) and an increase in pulmonary tumours in females of all dosage groups (significant, but not dose-dependent).

6. Pharmaceutical particulars

6.1 List of excipients

Sodium acetate trihydrate

Water for injections

6.2 Incompatibilities

Precipitation will occur if Tramadol 50mg/ml Solution for Injection is mixed in the same syringe with injections of diazepam, diclofenac sodium, indometacin, midazolam and piroxicam.

Tramadol 50mg/ml Solution for Injection must not be mixed with other medicinal products except those mentioned in section 6.6.

6.3 Shelf life

3 years.

From a microbiological point of view, the product should be used immediately. If not used immediately, in-use storage times and conditions prior to use are the responsibility of the user and would not normally be longer than 24 hours at 2 to 8°C, unless reconstitution / dilution has taken place in controlled and validated aseptic conditions.

6.4 Special precautions for storage

Keep Prefilled Syringe in the outer carton.

6.5 Nature and contents of container

1ml, 2ml glass Prefilled Syringes.

Box of 5 Prefilled Syringes.

6.6 Special precautions for disposal and other handling

The prepared infusion solution should be made up immediately before use.

7. Manufactured in India by:
TAJ PHARMACEUTICALS LTD.
Mumbai, India
Unit No. 214.Old Bake House,
Maharashtra chambers of  Commerce Lane,
Fort, Mumbai – 400001
at:Gujarat, INDIA.
Customer Service and Product Inquiries:
1-800-TRY-FIRST (1-800-222-434 & 1-800-222-825)
Monday through Saturday 9:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. EST
E-mail: tajgroup@tajpharma.com

Tramadol Hydrochloride Injection 50mg/1ml, 100mg/2ml in Prefilled Syringes Taj Pharma.

tramadol hydrochloride prefilled syringe.

Read all of this leaflet carefully before you start using this medicine because it contains important information for
you.

• Keep this leaflet. You may need to read it
• If you have any further questions, ask your doctor or pharmacist.
• If you get any side effects, talk to your doctor or pharmacist This includes any possible side effects
• not listed in this leaflet. See section 4.

What is in this leaflet

1. What Tramadol hydrochloride Prefilled Syringe is and what it is used for
2. What you need to know before you use Tramadol hydrochloride Prefilled Syringe
3. How to use Tramadol hydrochloride Prefilled Syringe
4. Possible side effects
5. How to store Tramadol hydrochloride Prefilled Syringe
6. Contents of the pack and other information

1.    What Tramadol hydrochloride Prefilled Syringe is and what it is used for

Tramadol – the active substance in Tramadol hydrochloride Prefilled Syringe – is a painkiller belonging to the class of opioids that acts on the central nervous system.  It relieves pain by acting on specific nerve cells of the spinal cord and brain.

Tramadol hydrochloride Prefilled Syringe is used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain.

2.    What you need to know before you use Tramadol hydrochloride Prefilled Syringe

Do not use Tramadol hydrochloride Prefilled Syringe:

• if you are allergic to tramadol hydrochloride or any of the other ingredients of this medicine (listed in section 6)
• if you are also taking MAO inhibitors (certain medicines used for treatment of depression) or have taken them in the last 14 days before treatment with Tramadol hydrochloride 50 mg/ ml Prefilled Syringe (see “Other medicines and Tramadol hydrochloride Prefilled Syringe”)
• if you are an epileptic and your fits are not

adequately controlled by treatment

• if you have drunk enough alcohol to make you feel woozy or drunk
• if you have taken more than the prescribed dose of your sleeping tablets or other pain killers, which can slow down your breathing and reactions. (See section “Other medicines and Tramadol hydrochloride Prefilled Syringe” for details)

You should not take this product for the treatment of withdrawal symptoms caused by opiates (morphine- like medicines).

  Warnings and precautions:

Talk to your doctor or nurse before using Tramadol hydrochloride Prefilled Syringe:

• if you have a head injury, breathing difficulties or

severe liver or kidney problems.

• if you think that you are addicted to other pain relievers (opioids)
• if you feel that you are going to faint
• if you are in a state of shock (cold sweat may be a sign of this)
• if you have a tendency towards epilepsy or fits because the risk of a fit may increase

Tramadol is transformed in the liver by an enzyme. Some people have a variation of this enzyme and this can affect people in different ways. In some people, they may not get enough pain relief but other people are more likely to get serious side effects. If you notice any of the following side effects, you must stop taking this medicine and seek immediate medical advice: slow or shallow breathing, confusion, sleepiness, small pupils, feeling or being sick, constipation, lack of appetite.

  Children and adolescents

Tramadol hydrochloride 50mg/ml Prefilled Syringe is not suitable for children below the age of 12 years.

Use in children with breathing problems

Tramadol is not recommended in children with breathing problems, since the symptoms of tramadol toxicity may be worse in these children.

Other medicines and Tramadol hydrochloride 50mg/ml Prefilled Syringe:

Tell your doctor  or  nurse  if  you  are  using,  have recently used or might use any other medicines, including medicines obtained without a prescription. This is especially important with the following medicines as they may interact with your Tramadol hydrochloride Prefilled Syringe:

Concomitant use of Tramadol and sedative medicines such as benzodiazepines or related drugs increases the risk of drowsiness, difficulties in breathing (respiratory depression), coma and may be life-threatening. Because of this, concomitant use should only be considered when other treatment options are not possible. However, if your doctor does prescribe Tramadol together with sedative medicines the dose and duration of concomitant treatment should be limited by your doctor.

Please tell your doctor about all sedative medicines you are taking, and follow your doctor’s dose recommendation closely. It could be helpful to inform friends or relatives to be aware of the signs and symptoms stated above. Contact your doctor when experiencing such symptoms.

• Anticoagulants to thin your blood such as warfarin
• Medicines used to treat epilepsy such as carbamazepine.
• Ondansetron (prevents nausea)
• Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (moclobemide or phenezeline for depression, selegiline for Parkinson’s disease).
• Medicines that act on the nervous system such as hypnotics, tranquillisers, sleeping pills and pain killers may make you feel drowsier or faint
• selective serotonin re- uptake inhibitors (SSRI’s) to treat depression such as You may experience symptoms such as confusion, restlessness, fever, sweating, uncoordinated movement of limbs or eyes, uncontrollable jerking of muscles, or diarrhoea
• medicines which may cause convulsions (fits), such as certain antidepressants

Pregnancy and breast feeding:

Tramadol hydrochloride Prefilled Syringe should not be given during pregnancy or while breast feeding. If you are pregnant or breast-feeding, think you may be pregnant or are planning to have a baby, ask your doctor or pharmacist for advice before taking this medicine.

Tramadol is excreted into breast milk. For this reason, you should not be given Tramadol more than once during breast-feeding, or alternatively, if you receive Tramadol more than once, you should stop breast-feeding

 Driving and using machines:

Details regarding a new driving offence concerning driving  after  drugs  have  been  taken in the UK may be found here:

Tramadol hydrochloride Prefilled Syringe may cause drowsiness, dizziness and blurred vision and therefore may impair your reactions and your ability to drive.

• Do not drive while taking this medicine until you know how it affects
• It is an offence to drive if this medicine affects your ability to
• However, you would not be committing an offence if:
• The medicine has been prescribed to treat a medical or dental problem and
• You have taken it according to the instructions given by the  prescriber  or in the information provided with the medicine and
• It was not affecting your ability to drive safely

Talk to your doctor or pharmacist if you are not sure whether it is safe for you to drive while taking this medicine.

If you feel that your reactions are affected, do not use electric tools or operate machinery, and do not work without a firm hold!

Tramadol hydrochloride Prefilled Syringe with alcohol:

Do not drink alcohol during treatment with Tramadol hydrochloride 50mg/ml Prefilled Syringe as its effects may be intensified

Tramadol hydrochloride Prefilled Syringe contains sodium

This medicine contains less than 1 mmol sodium (23 mg) per ml, that is to say essentially ‘sodium- free’.

3.      How to use Tramadol Hydrochloride Prefilled Syringe

Your nurse or doctor will give you the injection or infusion.

Your doctor will decide the correct dosage for you and how and when the injection or infusion will be given.

Since the injection or infusion will be given to you by a doctor or nurse, it is unlikely that you will be given too much. If you think you have been given too much, you must tell the person giving you the injection or infusion.

If treatment with Tramadol hydrochloride 50 mg/ ml Prefilled Syringe is interrupted or finished too soon, pain is likely to return. If you wish to stop treatment on account of unpleasant effects, please tell your nurse or doctor.

If you stop using Tramadol hydrochloride Prefilled Syringe You should not suddenly stop taking this medicine unless your doctor tells you to. If you want to stop taking your medicine, discuss this with your doctor first, particularly if you have been taking it for a long time. Your doctor will advise you when and how to stop, which may be by lowering the dose gradually to reduce the chance of developing unnecessary

side effects (withdrawal symptoms). Generally, there will be no withdrawal symptoms when treatment with tramadol is stopped. However, on rare occasions, people who have been treated with tramadol for some time may feel unwell if the treatment is abruptly stopped. They may feel agitated, anxious, nervous or shaky. They may be confused, hyperactive, have difficulty sleeping and have stomach or bowel disorders. Very few people may get panic attacks, delusions, paranoia, hallucinations or feeling a loss of identity. They may experience unusual perceptions such as itching, tingling and numbness, and “ringing” in the ears (tinnitus). If you experience any of these complaints after stopping treatment tell your nurse or doctor.

If you have any further questions on the use of this medicine,   ask your doctor or pharmacist.

4.      Possible side effects

Like all medicines, this medicine can cause side effects, although not everybody gets them.

• Allergic reactions to Tramadol hydrochloride have been reported. If you have any difficulty breathing, a rash or itchy skin, a swollen face or tongue or difficulty in swallowing, stop taking this medicine immediately and tell your doctor straight
• You may suffer from convulsions (fits), headache,

blurred vision or dilated or constricted pupils

• You may notice that you are sweating more or are flushed, develop a rash or become itchy or numb
• You may feel drowsy, sleepy, weary, low in

energy or dizzy or may have difficulty in speaking

• You may develop muscle twitches, uncoordinated movement, transient loss of consciousness (syncope), a tingling sensation and trembling or muscle weakness
• Elevated liver enzymes may
• You may experience changes in your heart beat (faster or slower) or high or low blood
• You may experience constipation, a dry mouth, appetite changes or diarrhoea
• You may experience psychic effects including: changes in mood, activity, behaviour or perception, hallucinations, confusion, restlessness, sleep disturbances, delirium, anxiety and nightmares
• You may experience nausea or vomiting, retching, feeling bloated or full
• Dependency on Tramadol may Tell your doctor if you notice this
• Shortness of breath, slower breathing or worsening of asthma may occur
• You may find it difficult to pass urine
• You may experience a decrease in blood sugar levels, speech disorders or dilated or constricted pupils

Epileptic fits have been reported in patients taking tramadol at the recommended dose level. The risk may be increased when doses of tramadol exceed the recommended upper daily dose limit (400 mg). Tramadol may lead to physical and psychological addiction. When it is taken for a long time, its effect may decrease so that higher doses have to be taken (tolerance development).

Reporting of side effects

If you get any side effects, talk to your doctor, pharmacist or nurse: This includes any possible side effects not listed in this leaflet. 6.

5. How to store Tramadol hydrochloride Prefilled Syringe

Keep this medicine out of the sight and reach of children.

Do not use this medicine after the expiry date which is stated on the label/ carton after “EXP.” The expiry date refers to the last day of that month. The nurse or doctor will check that the injection or infusion is not past its expiry date before giving you the injection or infusion.

Your injection or infusion will be stored in a cool place at a temperature not above 30°C.

6. Contents of the pack and other information

What Tramadol hydrochloride Prefilled Syringe contains:

The active substance is tramadol hydrochloride. In Tramadol hydrochloride Prefilled Syringe each ml of solution contains 50 mg of tramadol hydrochloride.

The other ingredients are sodium acetate trihydrate and water for injections.

What Tramadol hydrochloride Prefilled Syringe looks like and contents of the pack:

The Prefilled Syringe is supplied in 1 or 2 ml. 1, 5 or 10 Prefilled Syringe supplied in each carton.

7. Manufactured in India by:

TAJ PHARMACEUTICALS LTD.

Mumbai, India

Unit No. 214.Old Bake House,

Maharashtra chambers of  Commerce Lane,

Fort, Mumbai – 400001

at:Gujarat, INDIA.

Customer Service and Product Inquiries:

1-800-TRY-FIRST (1-800-222-434 & 1-800-222-825)

Monday through Saturday 9:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. EST

E-mail: tajgroup@tajpharma.com