Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Tablet USP 2.5mg/12.5mg Taj Pharma

1. Name of the medicinal product

Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Tablet USP 2.5mg/12.5mg Taj Pharma

Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Tablet USP 5mg/12.5mg Taj Pharma

Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Tablet USP 10mg/12.5mg Taj Pharma

Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Tablet USP 10mg/25mg Taj Pharma

2. Qualitative and quantitative composition

a) Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Tablet USP 2.5mg/12.5mg Taj Pharma
Each uncoated tablet contains:
Enalapril Maleate USP 2.5mg
Hydrochlorothiazide USP 12.5mg
Excipients: Q.S.

b) Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Tablet USP 5mg/12.5mg Taj Pharma
Each uncoated tablet contains:
Enalapril Maleate USP 5mg
Hydrochlorothiazide USP 12.5mg
Excipients: Q.S.

c) Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Tablet USP 10mg/12.5mg Taj Pharma
Each uncoated tablet contains:
Enalapril Maleate USP 10mg
Hydrochlorothiazide USP 12.5mg
Excipients: Q.S.

d) Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Tablet USP 10mg/25mg Taj Pharma
Each uncoated tablet contains:
Enalapril Maleate USP 10mg
Hydrochlorothiazide USP 25mg
Excipients: Q.S.

Excipient(s) with known effect:

Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma contains 141mg of lactose hydrous per tablet.

For the full list of excipients, see section 6.1.

3. Pharmaceutical form

Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma is supplied as round, fluted, yellow tablets with ‘MSD 718’ on one side and scored on the other.

4. Clinical particulars

• Therapeutic indications

Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma is indicated for the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension in patients who have been stabilised on the individual components given in the same proportions.

(See sections 4.3, 4.4, 4.5 and 5.1).

• Posology and method of administration

Posology

The dosage of Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma should be determined primarily by the experience with the enalapril maleate component.

Adults

Essential hypertension

The usual dosage is one tablet, taken once daily. If necessary, the dosage may be increased to two tablets, taken once daily.

Prior diuretic therapy: symptomatic hypotension may occur following the initial dose of Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma; this is more likely in patients who are volume and/or salt depleted as a result of prior diuretic therapy. The diuretic therapy should be discontinued for 2-3 days prior to initiation of therapy with Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma.

Dosage in renal insufficiency

Thiazides may not be appropriate diuretics for use in patients with renal impairment and are ineffective at creatinine clearance values of 30 ml/min or below (i.e. moderate or severe renal insufficiency).

In patients with creatinine clearance of >30 and <80 ml/min, Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma should be used only after titration of the individual components.

Use in the elderly

In clinical studies the efficacy and tolerability of enalapril maleate and hydrochlorothiazide, administered concomitantly, were similar in both elderly and younger hypertensive patients.

Paediatric population

Safety and effectiveness in children have not been established.

Method of administration

Oral use.

• Contraindications

• Hypersensitivity to the active substance(s) or to any of the ingredients listed in section 6.1.
• Severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance ≤30 ml/min).
• History of angioneurotic oedema associated with previous ACE-inhibitor therapy.
• Hereditary or idiopathic angioedema.
• Hypersensitivity to sulfonamide-derived drugs.
• Second and third trimesters of pregnancy (see section 4.4 and 4.6).
• Severe hepatic impairment.
• Stenosis of the renal arteries
• The concomitant use of Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma with aliskiren-containing products is contraindicated in patients with diabetes mellitus or renal impairment (GFR <60 ml/min/1.73m²) (see sections 4.5 and 5.1)
• Combination with sacubitril/valsartan due to the increased risk of angioedema. Do not administer Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma within 36 hours of switching to or from sacubitril/valsartan, a product containing a neprilysin inhibitor. (See sections 4.4 and 4.5).
• Special warnings and precautions for use

Enalapril Maleate – Hydrochlorothiazide

Hypotension and Electrolyte Fluid Imbalance

Symptomatic hypotension is rarely seen in uncomplicated hypertensive patients. In hypertensive patients receiving Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma, symptomatic hypotension is more likely to occur if the patient has been volume – depleted, e.g., by diuretic therapy, dietary salt restriction, diarrhoea or vomiting (see sections 4.5 and 4.8). Regular determination of serum electrolytes should be performed at appropriate intervals in such patients. Special attention should be paid to patients with ischemic heart or cerebrovascular disease in whom an excessive fall in blood pressure could result in a myocardial infarction or cerebrovascular accident. In hypertensive patients with heart failure, with or without associated renal insufficiency, symptomatic hypotension has been observed. This is most likely to occur in those patients with more severe degrees of heart failure, as reflected by the use of high doses of loop diuretics, hyponatraemia or functional renal impairment. In these patients, therapy should be started under medical supervision and the patients should be followed closely whenever the dose of Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma and/or diuretic is adjusted. Similar considerations may apply to patients with ischaemic heart or cerebrovascular disease in whom an excessive fall in blood pressure could result in a myocardial infarction or cerebrovascular accident.

If hypotension occurs, the patient should be placed in the supine position and, if necessary, should receive an intravenous infusion of normal saline. A transient hypotensive response is not a contra-indication to further doses, which can be given usually without difficulty once the blood pressure has increased after volume expansion.

In some patients with heart failure who have normal or low blood pressure, additional lowering of systemic blood pressure may occur with Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma. This effect is anticipated, and usually is not a reason to discontinue treatment. If hypotension becomes symptomatic, a reduction of dose and/or discontinuation of the diuretic and/or Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma may be necessary.

Renal Function Impairment

Renal failure has been reported in association with enalapril and has been mainly in patients with severe heart failure or underlying renal disease, including renal artery stenosis. If recognised promptly and treated appropriately, renal failure when associated with therapy with enalapril is usually reversible.

Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma should not be administered to patients with renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance <80 ml/min. and >30 ml/min) until titration of enalapril has shown the need for the dose present in this formulation (see section 4.2).

Some hypertensive patients with no apparent pre-existing renal disease have developed increases in blood urea and creatinine when enalapril has been given concurrently with a diuretic (see Special warnings and precautions for use, Enalapril Maleate, Renal Function Impairment; Hydrochlorothiazide, Renal Function Impairment in section 4.4). If this occurs, therapy with Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma should be discontinued. This situation should raise the possibility of underlying renal artery stenosis (see Special warnings and precautions for use, Enalapril Maleate, Renovascular Hypertension in section 4.4).

Dual blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)

There is evidence that the concomitant use of ACE-inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers or aliskiren increases the risk of hypotension, hyperkalaemia, and decreased renal function (including acute renal failure). Dual blockade of RAAS through the combined use of ACE-inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers or aliskiren is therefore not recommended (see sections 4.5 and 5.1).

If dual blockade therapy is considered absolutely necessary, this should only occur under specialist supervision and subject to frequent close monitoring of renal function, electrolytes and blood pressure.

ACE-inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers should not be used concomitantly in patients with diabetic nephropathy.

Hyperkalaemia

The combination of enalapril and a low-dose diuretic cannot exclude the possibility of a hyperkalaemia to occur (see Special warnings and precautions for use, Enalapril Maleate, Hyperkalaemia in section 4.4).

Lithium

The combination of lithium with enalapril and diuretic agents is generally not recommended (see section 4.5).

Lactose

Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma contains less than 200mg of lactose per tablet. Patients with rare hereditary problems of galactose intolerance, the total lactase deficiency or glucose-galactose malabsorption should not take this medicinal product.

Paediatric population

Safety and efficacy in children has not been established.

Enalapril Maleate

Aortic Stenosis/Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

As with all vasodilators, ACE inhibitors should be given with caution in patients with left ventricular valvular and outflow tract obstruction and avoided in cases of cardiogenic shock and haemodynamically significant obstruction.

Renal Function Impairment

Renal failure has been reported in association with enalapril and has been mainly in patients with severe heart failure or underlying renal disease, including renal artery stenosis. If recognized promptly and treated appropriately, renal failure when associated with therapy with enalapril is usually reversible (see section 4.2 and Special warnings and precautions for use, Enalapril Maleate-Hydrochlorothiazide, Renal Function Impairment; Hydrochlorothiazide, Renal Function Impairment in section 4.4).

Renovascular Hypertension

There is an increased risk of hypotension and renal insufficiency when patients with bilateral renal artery stenosis or stenosis of the artery to a single functioning kidney are treated with ACE inhibitors. Loss of renal function may occur with only mild changes in serum creatinine. In these patients, therapy should be initiated under close medical supervision with low doses, careful titration, and monitoring of renal function.

Haemodialysis Patients

The use of enalapril is not indicated in patients requiring dialysis for renal failure. Anaphylactoid reactions have been reported in patients dialysed with high-flux membranes (e.g., AN 69) and treated concomitantly with an ACE inhibitor. In these patients consideration should be given to using a different type of dialysis membrane or a different class of antihypertensive agent.

Kidney Transplantation

There is no experience regarding the administration of enalapril in patients with a recent kidney transplantation. Treatment with enalapril is therefore not recommended.

Hepatic failure

Rarely, ACE inhibitors have been associated with a syndrome that starts with cholestatic jaundice or hepatitis and progresses to fulminant hepatic necrosis and (sometimes) death. The mechanism of this syndrome is not understood. Patients receiving ACE inhibitors who develop jaundice or marked elevations of hepatic enzymes should discontinue the ACE inhibitor and receive appropriate medical follow-up (see Special warnings and precautions for use, Hydrochlorothiazide, Hepatic Disease in section 4.4).

Neutropenia/Agranulocytosis

Neutropenia/agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia and anaemia have been reported in patients receiving ACE inhibitors. In patients with normal renal function and no other complicating factors, neutropenia occurs rarely. Enalapril should be used with extreme caution in patients with collagen vascular disease, immunosuppressant therapy, treatment with allopurinol or procainamide, or a combination of these complicating factors, especially if there is pre-existing impaired renal function. Some of these patients developed serious infections which in a few instances did not respond to intensive antibiotic therapy. If enalapril is used in such patients, periodic monitoring of white blood cell counts is advised and patients should be instructed to report any sign of infection.

Hyperkalaemia

Elevations in serum potassium have been observed in some patients treated with ACE inhibitors, including enalapril. Risk factors for the development of hyperkalaemia include those with renal insufficiency, worsening of renal function, age (>70 years), diabetes mellitus, inter-current events in particular dehydration, acute cardiac decompensation, metabolic acidosis and concomitant use of potassium-sparing diuretics (e.g., spironolactone, eplerenone, triamterene, or amiloride), potassium supplements or potassium-containing salt substitutes; or those patients taking other drugs associated with increases in serum potassium (e.g., heparin, trimethoprim-containing products such as cotrimoxazole). The use of potassium supplements, potassium-sparing diuretics, potassium-containing salt substitutes, or other drugs that may increase serum potassium, particularly in patients with impaired renal function may lead to a significant increase in serum potassium. Hyperkalaemia can cause serious, sometimes fatal, arrhythmias. If concomitant use of enalapril and any of the above-mentioned agents is deemed appropriate, they should be used with caution and with frequent monitoring of serum potassium (see Special warnings and precautions for use, Enalapril Maleate-Hydrochlorothiazide, Hyperkalaemia; Hydrochlorothiazide, Metabolic and Endocrine Effects in section 4.4 and section 4.5).

Hypoglycaemia

Diabetic patients treated with oral antidiabetic agents or insulin starting an ACE inhibitor should be told to closely monitor for hypoglycaemia, especially during the first month of combined use (see Special warnings and precautions for use, Hydrochlorothiazide, Metabolic and Endocrine Effects in section 4.4 and section 4.5).

Hypersensitivity/Angioneurotic Oedema

Angioneurotic oedema of the face, extremities, lips, tongue, glottis and/or larynx has been reported in patients treated with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, including enalapril maleate. This may occur at any time during treatment. In such cases, Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma should be discontinued promptly and appropriate monitoring should be instituted to ensure complete resolution of symptoms prior to dismissing the patient. Even in those instances where swelling of only the tongue is involved, without respiratory distress, patients may require prolonged observation since treatment with antihistamines and corticosteroids may not be sufficient.

Very rarely, fatalities have been reported due to angioedema associated with laryngeal oedema or tongue oedema. Patients with involvement of the tongue, glottis or larynx are likely to experience airway obstruction, especially those with a history of airway surgery. Where there is involvement of the tongue, glottis or larynx, likely to cause airway obstruction, appropriate therapy, which may include subcutaneous epinephrine solution 1:1000 (0.3 ml to 0.5 ml) and/or measures to ensure a patent airway, should be administered promptly.

Black patients receiving ACE inhibitors have been reported to have a higher incidence of angioedema compared to Whites. However, in general it appears that Blacks have an increased risk for angioedema.

Patients with a history of angioedema unrelated to ACE inhibitor therapy may be at increased risk of angioedema while receiving an ACE inhibitor. (see also section 4.3).

Patients receiving coadministration of ACE inhibitor and mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) inhibitor (e.g., temsirolimus, sirolimus, everolimus) therapy may be at increased risk for angioedema.

Patients receiving concomitant ACE inhibitor and neprilysin inhibitor therapy (e.g., sacubitril, racecadotril) may be at increased risk for angioedema (see section 4.5). The combination of enalapril with sacubitril/valsartan is contraindicated due to the increased risk of angioedema (see section 4.3). Sacubitril/valsartan must not be initiated until 36 hours after taking the last dose of enalapril therapy. If treatment with sacubitril/valsartan is stopped, enalapril therapy must not be initiated until 36 hours after the last dose of sacubitril/valsartan (see sections 4.3 and 4.5).

Anaphylactoid Reactions during Hymenoptera Desensitisation

Rarely, patients receiving ACE inhibitors during desensitisation with hymenoptera venom have experienced life-threatening anaphylactoid reactions. These reactions were avoided by temporarily withholding ACE inhibitor therapy prior to each desensitisation.

Anaphylactoid Reactions during LDL-Apheresis

Rarely, patients receiving ACE inhibitors during low density lipoprotein (LDL)-apheresis with dextran sulfate have experienced life-threatening anaphylactic reactions. These reactions were avoided by temporarily withholding ACE-inhibitor therapy prior to each apheresis.

Cough

Cough has been reported with the use of ACE inhibitors. Characteristically, the cough is non-productive, persistent and resolves after discontinuation of therapy. ACE inhibitor-induced cough should be considered as part of the differential diagnosis of cough.

Surgery/Anaesthesia

Enalapril blocks angiotensin II formation and therefore impairs the ability of patients undergoing major surgery or anaesthesia with agents that produce hypotension to compensate via the renin-angiotensin system. Hypotension which occurs due to this mechanism can be corrected by volume expansion (see section 4.5).

Pregnancy

ACE inhibitors should not be initiated during pregnancy. Unless continued ACE inhibitor therapy is considered essential, patients planning pregnancy should be changed to alternative antihypertensive treatments which have an established safety profile for use in pregnancy. When pregnancy is diagnosed, treatment with ACE inhibitors should be stopped immediately, and, if appropriate, alternative therapy should be started (see sections 4.3 and 4.6).

Ethnic Differences

As with other angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, enalapril is apparently less effective in lowering blood pressure in black people than in non-blacks, possibly because of a higher prevalence of low-renin states in the black hypertensive population.

Hydrochlorothiazide

Renal Function Impairment

Thiazides may not be appropriate diuretics for use in patients with renal impairment and are ineffective at creatinine clearance values of 30 ml/min or below (i.e., moderate or severe renal insufficiency) (see section 4.2 and Special warnings and precautions for use, Enalapril Maleate-Hydrochlorothiazide, Renal Function Impairment; Enalapril Maleate, Renal Function Impairment in section 4.4).

Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma should not be administered to patients with renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance ≤80 ml/min) until titration of the individual components has shown the need for the doses present in the combination tablet.

Hepatic Disease

Thiazides should be used with caution in patients with impaired hepatic function or progressive liver disease, since minor alterations of fluid and electrolyte balance may precipitate hepatic coma (see Special warnings and precautions for use, Enalapril Maleate, Hepatic Failure in section 4.4).

Metabolic and Endocrine Effects

Thiazide therapy may impair glucose tolerance. Dosage adjustment of antidiabetic agents, including insulin, may be required (see Special warnings and precautions for use, Enalapril Maleate, Diabetic Patients in section 4.4). Thiazides may decrease serum sodium, magnesium and potassium levels.

Increases in cholesterol and triglyceride levels may be associated with thiazide diuretic therapy; however, at the 12.5mg dose of hydrochlorothiazide contained in Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma, minimal or no effect was reported. In addition, in clinical studies with 6mg of hydrochlorothiazide no clinically significant effect on glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, sodium, magnesium or potassium was reported.

Thiazides may decrease urinary calcium excretion and cause an intermittent and slight elevation of serum calcium in the absence of known disorders of calcium metabolism. Marked hypercalcaemia may be evidence of latent hyperparathyroidism. Thiazides should be discontinued before testing parathyroid function.

Thiazide therapy may precipitate hyperuricaemia and/or gout in certain patients. This effect on hyperuricemia appears to be dose-related. In addition enalapril may increase urinary uric acid and thus may attenuate the hyperuricaemic effect of hydrochlorothiazide.

As for any patient receiving diuretic therapy, periodic determination of serum electrolytes should be performed at appropriate intervals.

Thiazides (including hydrochlorothiazide) can cause fluid or electrolyte imbalance (hypokalaemia, hyponatraemia, and hypochloremic alkalosis). Warning signs of fluid or electrolyte imbalance are xerostomia, thirst, weakness, lethargy, somnolence, restlessness, muscle pain or cramps, muscular fatigue, hypotension, oliguria, tachycardia, and gastro-intestinal disturbances such as nausea and vomiting.

Although hypokalaemia may develop during use of thiazide diuretics, concurrent therapy with enalapril may reduce diuretic-induced hypokalaemia. The risk of hypokalaemia is greatest in patients with cirrhosis of the liver, in patients experiencing brisk diuresis, in patients with inadequate oral intake of electrolytes and in patients receiving concomitant therapy with corticosteroids or ACTH (see section 4.5).

Hyponatraemia may occur in oedematous patients in hot weather. Chloride deficit is generally mild and does not usually require treatment.

Thiazides may have been shown to increase the urinary excretion of magnesium, which may result in hypomagnesaemia.

Anti-doping test

Hydrochlorothiazide contained in this product can produce a positive analytic result in an anti-doping test.

Hypersensitivity

In patients receiving thiazides, sensitivity reactions may occur with or without a history of allergy and bronchial asthma. Exacerbation or activation of systemic lupus erythematosus has been reported with the use of thiazides.

Non-melanoma skin cancer

An increased risk of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) [basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)] with increasing cumulative dose of hydrochlorothiazide exposure has been observed in two epidemiological studies based on the Danish National Cancer Registry. Photosensitizing actions of hydrochlorothiazide could act as a possible mechanism for NMSC.

Patients taking hydrochlorothiazide should be informed of the risk of NMSC and advised to regularly check their skin for any new lesions and promptly report any suspicious skin lesions. Possible preventive measures such as limited exposure to sunlight and UV rays and, in case of exposure, adequate protection should be advised to the patients in order to minimize the risk of skin cancer. Suspicious skin lesions should be promptly examined potentially including histological examinations of biopsies. The use of hydrochlorothiazide may also need to be reconsidered in patients who have experienced previous NMSC. (See also section 4.8).

• Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction

Enalapril Maleate-Hydrochlorothiazide

Dual blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)

Clinical trial data have shown that dual blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system (RAAS) through the combined use of ACE-inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers or aliskiren is associated with a higher frequency of adverse events such as hypotension, hyperkalaemia and decreased renal function (including acute renal failure) compared to the use of a single RAAS-acting agent (see sections 4.3, 4.4 and 5.1).

Other Antihypertensive Agents

Concomitant use of these agents may increase the hypotensive effects of enalapril and hydrochlorothiazide. Concomitant use with nitroglycerin and other nitrates, or other vasodilators, may further reduce blood pressure.

Lithium

Reversible increases in serum lithium concentrations and toxicity have been reported during concomitant administration of lithium with ACE inhibitors. Concomitant use of thiazide diuretics may further increase lithium levels and enhance the risk of lithium toxicity with ACE inhibitors.

Use of Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma with lithium is not recommended, but if the combination proves necessary, careful monitoring of serum lithium levels should be performed (see section 4.4).

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) including selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) including selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors (COX-2 inhibitors) may reduce the effect of diuretics and other antihypertensive drugs. Therefore, the antihypertensive effect of angiotensin II receptor antagonists, ACE inhibitors or diuretics may be attenuated by NSAIDs including selective COX-2 inhibitors.

The coadministration of NSAIDs (including COX-2 inhibitors) and angiotensin II receptor antagonists or ACE inhibitors exert an additive effect on the increase in serum potassium, and may result in a deterioration of renal function. These effects are usually reversible. Rarely, acute renal failure may occur, especially in patients with compromised renal function (such as the elderly or patients who are volume-depleted, including those on diuretic therapy). Therefore, the combination should be administered with caution in patients with compromised renal function.

Enalapril Maleate

Potassium-sparing Diuretics, Potassium Supplements, or other drugs that may increase serum potassium

ACE inhibitors attenuate diuretic induced potassium loss. Potassium sparing diuretics (e.g., spironolactone, eplerenone, triamterene or amiloride), potassium supplements, potassium-containing salt substitutes, or other drugs that may increase serum potassium (e.g., heparin, trimethoprim-containing products such as cotrimoxazole) may lead to significant increases in serum potassium. If concomitant use of enalapril and any of the above-mentioned agents is deemed appropriate, they should be used with caution and with frequent monitoring of serum potassium (see section 4.4).

Diuretics (thiazide or loop diuretics)

Prior treatment with high dose diuretics may result in volume depletion and a risk of hypotension when initiating therapy with enalapril (see sections 4.2 and 4.4). The hypotensive effects can be reduced by discontinuation of the diuretic or by increasing volume or salt intake.

Tricyclic Antidepressants/Antipsychotics/Anaesthetics

Concomitant use of certain anaesthetic medicinal products, tricyclic antidepressants and antipsychotics with ACE inhibitors may result in further reduction of blood pressure (see section 4.4).

Gold

Nitritoid reactions (symptoms include facial flushing, nausea, vomiting and hypotension) have been reported rarely in patients on therapy with injectable gold (sodium aurothiomalate) and concomitant ACE inhibitor therapy including enalapril.

Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors

Patients taking concomitant mTOR inhibitor (e.g., temsirolimus, sirolimus, everolimus) therapy may be at increased risk for angioedema (see section 4.4).

Neprilysin Inhibitors

Patients receiving concomitant ACE inhibitor and neprilysin inhibitor therapy (e.g., sacubitril, racecadotril) may be at increased risk for angioedema (see section 4.4). The concomitant use of enalapril with sacubitril/valsartan is contraindicated, as the concomitant inhibition of neprilysin and ACE may increase the risk of angioedema. Sacubitril/valsartan must not be started until 36 hours after taking the last dose of enalapril therapy. Enalapril therapy must not be started until 36 hours after the last dose of sacubitril/valsartan. (See sections 4.3 and 4.4).

Sympathomimetics

Sympathomimetics may reduce the antihypertensive effects of ACE inhibitors (see section 4.5).

Alcohol

Alcohol enhances the hypotensive effect of ACE inhibitors.

Antidiabetics

Epidemiological studies have suggested that concomitant administration of ACE inhibitors and antidiabetic medicines (insulins, oral hypoglycaemic agents) may cause an increased blood-glucose-lowering effect with risk of hypoglycaemia. This phenomenon appeared to be more likely to occur during the first weeks of combined treatment and in patients with renal impairment (see sections 4.4 and 4.8).

Acetyl Salicylic Acid, Thrombolytics and β-blockers

Enalapril can be safely administered concomitantly with acetyl salicylic acid (at cardiologic doses), thrombolytics and β-blockers.

Hydrochlorothiazide

Non-depolarising Muscle Relaxants

Thiazides may increase the responsiveness to tubocurarine.

Alcohol, Barbiturates, or Opioid Analgesics

Potentiation of orthostatic hypotension may occur.

Antidiabetic Drugs (Oral Agents and Insulin)

Dosage adjustment of the antidiabetic drug may be required (see sections 4.4 and 4.8).

Cholestyramine and Colestipol Resins

Absorption of hydrochlorothiazide is impaired in the presence of anionic exchange resins. Single doses of either cholestyramine or colestipol resins bind the hydrochlorothiazide and reduce its absorption from the gastro-intestinal tract by up to 85 and 43 percent, respectively.

Increasing the QT Interval (e.g., quinidine, procainamide, amiodarone, sotalol)

Increased risk of torsades de pointes.

Digitalis Glycosides

Hypokalaemia can sensitise or exaggerate the response of the heart to the toxic effects of digitalis (e.g., increased ventricular irritability).

Corticosteroids, ACTH

Intensified electrolyte depletion, particularly hypokalaemia.

Kaliuretic Diuretics (e.g., Furosemide), Carbenoxolone, or Laxative Abuse

Hydrochlorothiazide may increase the loss of potassium and/or magnesium.

Pressor Amines (e.g., Noradrenaline)

The effect of pressor amines may be decreased (see section 4.5).

Cytostatics (e.g., Cyclophosphamide, Methotrexate)

Thiazides may reduce the renal excretion of cytotoxic drugs and potentiate their myelosuppressive effects.

Paediatric population

Interaction studies have only been performed in adults.

• Fertility, pregnancy and lactation

Pregnancy

ACE inhibitors:

The use of ACE inhibitors is not recommended during the first trimester of pregnancy (see section 4.4). The use of ACE inhibitors is contra-indicated during the second and third trimester of pregnancy (see sections 4.3 and 4.4).

Epidemiological evidence regarding the risk of teratogenicity following exposure to ACE inhibitors during the first trimester of pregnancy has not been conclusive; however a small increase in risk cannot be excluded. Unless continued ACE inhibitor therapy is considered essential, patients planning pregnancy should be changed to alternative anti-hypertensive treatments which have an established safety profile for use in pregnancy.

When pregnancy is diagnosed, treatment with ACE inhibitors should be stopped immediately, and, if appropriate, alternative therapy should be started.

Exposure to ACE inhibitor therapy during the second and third trimesters is known to induce human foetotoxicity (decreased renal function, oligohydramnios, skull ossification retardation) and neonatal toxicity (renal failure, hypotension, hyperkalaemia) (see section 5.3). Maternal oligohydramnios, presumably representing decreased foetal renal function, has occurred and may result in limb contractures, craniofacial deformations and hypoplastic lung development.

Should exposure to ACE inhibitors have occurred from the second trimester of pregnancy, ultrasound check of renal function and skull is recommended. Infants whose mothers have taken ACE inhibitors should be closely observed for hypotension (see sections 4.3 and 4.4).

Hydrochlorothiazide:

There is limited experience with hydrochlorothiazide during pregnancy, especially during the first trimester. Animal studies are insufficient. Hydrochlorothiazide crosses the placenta. Based on the pharmacological mechanism of action of hydrochlorothiazide its use during the second and third trimester may compromise foeto-placental perfusion and may cause foetal and neonatal effects like icterus, disturbance of electrolyte balance and thrombocytopenia.

Hydrochlorothiazide should not be used for gestational oedema, gestational hypertension or preeclampsia due to the risk of decreased plasma volume and placental hypoperfusion, without a beneficial effect on the course of the disease.

Hydrochlorothiazide should not be used for essential hypertension in pregnant women except in rare situations where no other treatment could be used.

Breast feeding

Enalapril:

Limited pharmacokinetic data demonstrate very low concentrations in breast milk (see section 5.2). Although these concentrations seem to be clinically irrelevant, the use of Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma in breast-feeding is not recommended for preterm infants and for the first few weeks after delivery, because of the hypothetical risk of cardiovascular and renal effects and because there is not enough clinical experience. In the case of an older infant, the use of Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma in a breast-feeding mother may be considered if this treatment is necessary for the mother and the child is observed for any adverse effect.

Hydrochlorothiazide:

Hydrochlorothiazide is excreted in human milk in small amounts. Thiazides in high doses causing intense diuresis can inhibit the milk production. The use of Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma during breast-feeding is not recommended. If Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma is used during breast-feeding, doses should be kept as low as possible.

• Effects on ability to drive and use machines

When driving vehicles or operating machines it should be taken into account that occasionally dizziness or weariness may occur (see section 4.8).

• Undesirable effects

Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma is usually well-tolerated. In clinical studies, side effects have usually been mild and transient, and in most instances have not required interruption of therapy.

The most common side effects reported during clinical study with Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma were headache and cough.

The following undesirable side effects have been reported for Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma, enalapril alone or hydrochlorothiazide alone either during clinical studies or after the drug was marketed.

Table 1. Undesirable effects of Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma

* Incidence rates were comparable to those in the placebo and active control groups in the clinical trials.

** Only seen with doses of hydrochlorothiazide 12.5mg and 25mg

† The frequency of muscle cramps as common pertains to doses of hydrochlorothiazide 12.5mg and 25mg, whereas, the frequency of the event is uncommon as it pertains to 6mg doses of hydrochlorothiazide.

Description of Selected Adverse Reactions

Non-melanoma skin cancer: Based on available data from epidemiological studies, cumulative dose-dependent association between hydrochlorothiazide and NMSC has been observed. (See also sections 4.4 and 5.1).

Reporting of suspected adverse reactions

Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product.

• Overdose

No specific information is available on the treatment of overdosage with Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma. Treatment is symptomatic and supportive. Therapy with Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma should be discontinued and the patient observed closely. Suggested measures include induction of emesis, administration of activated charcoal, and administration of a laxative if ingestion is recent, and correction of dehydration, electrolyte imbalance and hypotension by established procedures.

Enalapril Maleate

The most prominent features of overdosage reported to date are marked hypotension, beginning some six hours after ingestion of tablets, concomitant with blockade of the renin-angiotensin system, and stupor. Symptoms associated with overdosage of ACE inhibitors may include circulatory shock, electrolyte disturbances, renal failure, hyperventilation, tachycardia, palpitations, bradycardia, dizziness, anxiety, and cough. Serum enalaprilat levels 100- and 200-fold higher than usually seen after therapeutic doses have been reported after ingestion of 300mg and 440mg of enalapril maleate, respectively.

The recommended treatment of overdosage is intravenous infusion of normal saline solution. If hypotension occurs, the patient should be placed in the shock position. If available, treatment with angiotensin II infusion and/or intravenous catecholamines may also be considered. If ingestion is recent, take measures aimed at eliminating enalapril maleate (e.g., emesis, gastric lavage, administration of absorbents, and sodium sulfate). Enalaprilat may be removed from the general circulation by haemodialysis (see section 4.4). Pacemaker therapy is indicated for therapy-resistant bradycardia. Vital signs, serum electrolytes and creatinine concentrations should be monitored continuously.

Hydrochlorothiazide

The most common signs and symptoms observed are those caused by electrolyte depletion (hypokalaemia, hypochloraemia, hyponatraemia) and dehydration resulting from excessive diuresis. If digitalis has also been administered, hypokalaemia may accentuate cardiac arrhythmias.

5. Pharmacological properties

• Pharmacodynamic properties

Pharmacotherapeutic group: enalapril and diuretics,

Enalapril maleate

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is a peptidyl dipeptidase which catalyses the conversion of angiotensin I to the pressor substance angiotensin II. After absorption, enalapril is hydrolysed to enalaprilat, which inhibits ACE, which leads to increased plasma renin activity (due to removal of negative feedback on renin release), and decreased aldosterone secretion.

ACE is identical to kininase II. Thus, enalapril may also block the degradation of bradykinin, a potential vasodepressor peptide. However, the role that this plays in the therapeutic effects of enalapril remains to be elucidated.

Mechanism of Action

While the mechanism through which enalapril lowers blood pressure is believed to be primarily suppression of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, which plays a major role in the regulation of blood pressure, enalapril is antihypertensive even in patients with low-renin hypertension.

Enalapril maleate – hydrochlorothiazide

Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic and antihypertensive agent which increases plasma renin activity. Although enalapril alone is antihypertensive even in patients with low-renin hypertension, concomitant administration of hydrochlorothiazide in these patients leads to greater reduction of blood pressure.

Dual Blockade

Two large randomised, controlled trials (ONTARGET (ONgoing Telmisartan Alone and in combination with Ramipril Global Endpoint Trial), VA NEPHRON-D (The Veterans Affairs Nephropathy in Diabetes)) have examined the use of the combination of an ACE-inhibitor with an angiotensin II receptor blocker.

ONTARGET was a study conducted in patients with a history of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease, or type 2 diabetes mellitus accompanied by evidence of end-organ damage. VA NEPHRON-D was a study in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy.

These studies have shown no significant beneficial effect on renal and/or cardiovascular outcomes and mortality, while an increased risk of hyperkalaemia, acute kidney injury and/or hypotension as compared to monotherapy was observed. Given their similar pharmacodynamic properties, these results are also relevant for other ACE-inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers.

ACE-inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers should therefore not be used concomitantly in patients with diabetic nephropathy.

ALTITUDE (Aliskiren Trial in Type 2 Diabetes Using Cardiovascular and Renal Disease Endpoints) was a study designed to test the benefit of adding aliskiren to a standard therapy of an ACE-inhibitor or an angiotensin II receptor blocker in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, or both. The study was terminated early because of an increased risk of adverse outcomes. Cardiovascular death and stroke were both numerically more frequent in the aliskiren group than in the placebo group and adverse events and serious adverse events of interest (hyperkalaemia, hypotension and renal dysfunction) were more frequently reported in the aliskiren group than in the placebo group.

Non-melanoma skin cancer

Based on available data from epidemiological studies, cumulative dose-dependent association between hydrochlorothiazide and NMSC has been observed. One study included a population comprised of 71,533 cases of BCC and of 8,629 cases of SCC matched to 1,430,833 and 172,462 population controls, respectively. High hydrochlorothiazide use (≥50,000mg cumulative) was associated with an adjusted OR of 1.29 (95% CI: 1.23-1.35) for BCC and 3.98 (95% CI: 3.68-4.31) for SCC. A clear cumulative dose response relationship was observed for both BCC and SCC. Another study showed a possible association between lip cancer (SCC) and exposure to hydrochlorothiazide: 633 cases of lip-cancer were matched with 63,067 population controls, using a risk-set sampling strategy. A cumulative dose-response relationship was demonstrated with an adjusted OR 2.1 (95% CI: 1.7-2.6) increasing to OR 3.9 (3.0-4.9) for high use (~25,000mg) and OR 7.7 (5.7-10.5) for the highest cumulative dose (~100,000mg). (See also section 4.4).

• Pharmacokinetic properties

Absorption

Oral enalapril maleate is rapidly absorbed, with peak serum concentrations of enalapril occurring within one hour. Based on urinary recovery, the extent of absorption of enalapril from oral enalapril maleate is approximately 60%. Following absorption, oral enalapril is rapidly and extensively hydrolysed to enalaprilat, a potent angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. Peak serum concentrations of enalaprilat occur 3 to 4 hours after an oral dose of enalapril maleate. The principal components in urine are enalaprilat, accounting for about 40% of the dose, and intact enalapril. Except for conversion to enalaprilat, there is no evidence of significant metabolism of enalapril. The serum concentration profile of enalaprilat exhibits a prolonged terminal phase, apparently associated with binding to ACE. In subjects with normal renal function, steady state serum concentrations of enalaprilat were achieved by the fourth day of administration of enalapril maleate. The absorption of oral enalapril maleate is not influenced by the presence of food in the gastro-intestinal tract. The extent of absorption and hydrolysis of enalapril are similar for the various doses in the recommended therapeutic range.

Distribution

Studies in dogs indicate that enalapril crosses the blood-brain barrier poorly, if at all; enalaprilat does not enter the brain. Enalapril crosses the placental barrier. Hydrochlorothiazide crosses the placental but not the blood-brain barrier.

Biotransformation

Except for conversion to enalaprilat, there is no evidence for significant metabolism of enalapril. Hydrochlorothiazide is not metabolised but is eliminated rapidly by the kidney.

Elimination

Excretion of enalapril is primarily renal. The principal components in urine are enalaprilat, accounting for about 40% of the dose, and intact enalapril. The effective half-life for accumulation of enalaprilat following multiple doses of oral enalapril maleate is 11 hours. When plasma levels of hydrochlorothiazide have been followed for at least 24 hours, the plasma half-life has been observed to vary between 5.6 and 14.8 hours. Hydrochlorothiazide is not metabolised but is eliminated rapidly by the kidney. At least 61% of the oral dose is eliminated unchanged within 24 hours.

Renal impairment

Enalaprilat may be removed from the general circulation by haemodialysis.

Lactation

After a single 20mg oral dose in five postpartum women, the average peak enalapril milk level was 1.7μg/L (range 0.54 to 5.9 μg/L) at 4 to 6 hours after the dose. The average peak enalaprilat level was 1.7μg/L (range 1.2 to 2.3μg/L); peaks occurred at various times over the 24-hour period. Using the peak milk level data, the estimated maximum intake of an exclusively breast-fed infant would be about 0.16% of the maternal weight-adjusted dosage. A woman who had been taking oral enalapril 10mg daily for 11 months had peak enalapril milk levels of 2 μg/L 4 hours after a dose and peak enalaprilat levels of 0.75 μg/L about 9 hours after the dose. The total amount of enalapril and enalaprilat measured in milk during the 24 hour period was 1.44μg/L and 0.63 μg/L of milk respectively. Enalaprilat milk levels were undetectable (<0.2μg/L) 4 hours after a single dose of enalapril 5mg in one mother and 10mg in two mothers; enalapril levels were not determined.

• Preclinical safety data

No relevant information.

6. Pharmaceutical particulars

• List of excipients

Sodium hydrogen carbonate, lactose, maize starch, yellow ferric oxide, pregelatinised starch, and magnesium stearate.

• Incompatibilities

Not applicable

• Shelf life

3 years

• Special precautions for storage

Do not store above 25°C. Store in the original container.

• Nature and contents of container

PVC/nylon/aluminium blister packs containing 28 tablets.

Pack Size:

Each pack contains 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 80, 120, 240, 360 and 500 uncoated tablets.

Not all pack size may be marketed in other country.

• Special precautions for disposal and other handling

No special requirements for disposal.

Manufactured in India by:
TAJ PHARMACEUTICALS LTD.
Mumbai, India
Unit No. 214.Old Bake House,
Maharashtra chambers of  Commerce Lane,
Fort, Mumbai – 400001
at: Gujarat, INDIA.
Customer Service and Product Inquiries:
1-800-TRY-FIRST (1-800-222-434 & 1-800-222-825)
Monday through Saturday 9:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. EST
E-mail: tajgroup@tajpharma.com

Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Tablet USP 2.5mg/12.5mg Taj Pharma

Read all of this leaflet carefully before you start taking this medicine because it contains important information for you.

• Keep this leaflet. You may need to read it again.
• If you have any further questions, ask your doctor or pharmacist.
• This medicine has been prescribed for you only. Do not pass it on to others. It may harm them, even if their signs of illness are the same as yours.
• If you get any side effects, talk to your doctor of pharmacist. This includes any possible side effects not listed in this leaflet. See section 4.

What is in this leaflet

1. What Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma is and what it is used for
2. What you need to know before you take Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma
3. How to take Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma
4. Possible side effects
5. How to store Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma
6. Contents of the pack and other information
7. What Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma is and what it is used for

Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma contains enalapril maleate and hydrochlorothiazide:

• enalapril belongs to a group of medicines called angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors), which work by widening your blood vessels
• hydrochlorothiazide belongs to a group of medicines known as water tablets (diuretics), which increase the volume of urine you produce.

The effect of these medicines is to lower your blood pressure. Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). Taking both medicines that Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma contains can increase their effect compared to taking just one.

2. What you need to know before you take Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma

Do not take Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma:

• if you are allergic to enalapril maleate, hydrochlorothiazide, or any of the other ingredients of this medicine (listed in section 6)
• if you have previously been treated with a medication in the same group of drugs as this medicine (ACE inhibitors) and have had allergic reactions with swelling of the face, lips, tongue and/or throat with difficulty in swallowing or breathing. You should not take this medicine if you have had these types of reactions without a known cause, or if you have been diagnosed with hereditary or idiopathic angioedema
• if you are allergic to any sulfonamide-derived drugs. (Ask your doctor if you are not sure what sulfonamide-derived drugs are.)
• if you are not passing urine
• if you have diabetes or impaired kidney function and you are treated with a blood pressure lowering medicine containing aliskiren
• if you are more than 3 months pregnant. (It is also better to avoid Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma in early pregnancy – see pregnancy section)
• if you have a condition known as renal artery stenosis (narrowing of the arteries that supply the blood to your kidneys)
• if you have severe kidney or liver problems
• if you are being treated with sacubitril/valsartan, a medicine for heart failure.

Do not take this medicine if any of the above apply to you. If you are not sure, talk to your doctor or pharmacist before taking this medicine.

Warning and precautions

Talk to your doctor or pharmacist before taking Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma:

• if you have kidney problems, have had a recent kidney transplantation, are a dialysis patient, or are taking water tablets (diuretics)
• if you have blood disorders or liver problems
• if you are on a salt restricted diet, or have suffered from excessive vomiting or diarrhoea recently
• if you have a heart condition called ‘aortic stenosis’, ‘hypertrophic cardiomyopathy’ or ‘outflow obstruction’
• if you have collagen vascular disease, are taking immunosuppressant therapy (used for the treatment of autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis or following transplant surgery)
• if you are taking allopurinol, (used for the treatment of gout), or procainamide, (used to treat abnormal heart rhythms). If you develop an infection (symptoms may be high temperature or fever), you should let your doctor know immediately. Your doctor may take a blood sample from time to time to check your white blood cell count
• if you have a history of ‘angioedema’ while taking other medicines. The signs may have been itching, nettle rash, wheezing or swelling of your hands, throat, mouth or eyelids
• if you have diabetes and are taking antidiabetic medicines, including insulin to control your diabetes (you should monitor your blood for low blood glucose levels, especially during the first month of treatment)
• if you are taking potassium supplements, potassium containing salt substitutes, or other drugs that may increase potassium in your blood (e.g., heparin [a medicine used to prevent blood clots], trimethoprim-containing products such as cotrimoxazole [medicines used to treat infections])
• if you are taking lithium, used for the treatment of some psychiatric illnesses
• if you have been told by your doctor that you have an intolerance to some sugars.
• if you think you are (or might become) pregnant. This medicine is not recommended in early pregnancy and must not be taken if you are more than 3 months pregnant, as it may cause serious harm to your baby if used at that stage (see pregnancy section)
• if you have had skin cancer or if you develop an unexpected skin lesion during the treatment. Treatment with hydrochlorothiazide, particularly long term use with high doses, may increase the risk of some types of skin and lip cancer (non-melanoma skin cancer). Protect your skin from sun exposure and UV rays while taking Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma.
• tell your doctor if you are taking an mTOR inhibitor (e.g., temsirolimus, sirolimus, everolimus: medicines used to treat certain types of cancer or to prevent the body’s immune system from rejecting a transplanted organ) or a medicine containing a neprilysin inhibitor such as sacubitril ( available as fixed-dose combination with valsartan), used in patients with heart failure, and racecadotril, used in patients with acute diarrhoea. You may be at increased risk for an allergic reaction called angioedema.
• tell your doctor if you are taking either of the following medicines used to treat high blood pressure:
• an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) (also known as sartans – for example valsartan, telmisartan, irbesartan etc), in particular if you have diabetes-related kidney problems
• aliskiren

Your doctor may check your kidney function, blood pressure, and the amount of electrolytes (e.g., potassium) in your blood at regular intervals.

See also information under the heading “Do not take Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma.”

If you are about to have any of the following procedures, you should tell your doctor who is treating you that you are taking Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma:

• any surgery or receive anaesthetics (even at the dentist)
• a treatment called LDL apheresis, to remove cholesterol from your blood using a machine
• desensitisation treatment, to reduce the effect of an allergy to bee or wasp stings.

Routine tests

When you first start to take Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma, your doctor will monitor your blood pressure frequently to ensure you have been given the correct dose. In addition, for some patients the doctor may want to do some tests to measure your potassium, sodium, magnesium, creatinine and liver enzyme levels.

Tell your doctor if you have or will take an anti-doping test since this medication can produce a positive result.

Children and adolescents

Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma is not recommended for use in children.

Other medicines and Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma

Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are taking, have recently taken or might take any other medicine. Your doctor may need to change your dose and/or to take other precautions.

In general, Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma can be taken with other drugs. For prescribing the correct dose of Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma, it is especially important for your doctor to know whether you are taking any of the following medicines:

• an angiotensin II-receptor blocker (ARB) or aliskiren (see also information under the headings “Do not take Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma” and “Warnings and precautions”),
• potassium sparing water tablets (diuretics) such as spironolactone, eplerenone, triamterene or amiloride, potassium supplements, potassium-containing salt substitutes or other drugs that may increase potassium in your blood (e.g., heparin [a medicine used to prevent blood clots], trimethoprim-containing products such as cotrimoxazole [medicines used to treat infections]). Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma may increase the levels of potassium in your blood leading to high potassium levels. This causes few signs and is usually seen by a test,
• water tablets (diuretics) such as thiazides, furosemide, bumetanide,
• other medicines that lower blood pressure, such as nitroglycerin, nitrates, and vasodilators,
• lithium, used for the treatment of some psychiatric illnesses. Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma should not be taken with this drug,
• barbiturates (sedatives used for sleeplessness or epilepsy),
• tricyclic antidepressants such as amitriptyline, used for depression, antipsychotics such as phenothiazines, used for severe anxiety,
• pain killers such as morphine or anaesthetics, because your blood pressure may become too low,
• cholestyramine or colestipol (used to help control cholesterol levels),
• medicines used for, stiffness and inflammation associated with painful conditions, particularly those affecting your muscles, bones and joints:
• including gold therapy which can lead to flushing of your face, feeling sick (nausea), vomiting and low blood pressure, when taken with Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma, and
• non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), for example diflunisal or diclofenac. They may prevent your blood pressure from being well controlled and may increase the level of potassium in your blood
• medicines such as ephedrine, used in some cough and cold remedies, or noradrenaline and adrenaline used for low blood pressure, shock, cardiac failure, asthma or allergies. If used with Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma these drugs may keep your blood pressure high,
• ACTH (to test whether your adrenal glands are working properly),
• corticosteroids (used to treat certain conditions such as rheumatism, arthritis, allergic conditions, asthma or certain blood disorders),
• allopurinol (used to treat gout),
• ciclosporins (immunosuppressive agents used for autoimmune disorders),
• medicines for the treatment of cancer,
• procainamide, amiodarone or sotalol (used to treat abnormal heart rhythms),
• digitalis (used to treat heart rhythm problems),
• carbenoxalone (used to treat stomach ulcers),
• excessive use of laxatives,
• antidiabetic medicines such as insulin. Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma may cause your blood sugar levels to drop even further if you take it with antidiabetics
• an mTOR inhibitor (e.g., temsirolimus, sirolimus, everolimus; medicines used to treat certain types of cancer or to prevent the body’s immune system from rejecting a transplanted organ). See also information under the heading “Warnings and precautions”.
• a medicine containing a neprilysin inhibitor such as sacubitril (available as fixed-dose combination with valsartan) and racecadotril. The risk of angioedema (swelling of the face, lips, tongue or throat with difficulty in swallowing or breathing) may be increased. See also information under the headings “Do not take Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma” and “Warnings and precautions”.

If you are not sure if any of the above apply to you, talk to your doctor or pharmacist before taking Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma.

Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma with food, drink and alcohol

Most people take Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma with a drink of water.

Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma can be taken with or without food. However, if you drink alcohol while taking Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma, it may cause your blood pressure to drop too much and you may experience dizziness, light-headedness or faintness. You should keep your alcohol intake to a minimum.

Pregnancy and breast-feeding

Pregnancy

If you are pregnant or breast-feeding, think you may be pregnant or are planning to have a baby, ask your doctor for advice before taking this medicine. Your doctor will normally advise you to stop taking Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma before you become pregnant or as soon as you know you are pregnant and will advise you to take another medicine instead of Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma. This medicine is not recommended during pregnancy and must not be taken when more than 3 months pregnant, as it may cause serious harm to your baby if used after the third month of pregnancy.

Breast-feeding

Tell your doctor if you are breast-feeding or about to start breast-feeding. This medicine is not recommended for mothers who are breast-feeding.

Driving and using machines

Side effects of this medicine include blurred vision, feeling dizzy, feeling drowsy, or confused (see Possible side effects). If this happens do not drive or use any tools or machines.

Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma contains lactose and sodium

Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma contains lactose, which is a type of sugar. If you have been told by your doctor that you have intolerance to some sugars, contact your doctor before taking this medicine.

Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma contains less than 1 mmol sodium (23mg) per tablet, that is to say essentially ‘sodium-free’.

3. How to take Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma

Taking this medicine

• You should take this medicine by mouth.
• Always take this medicine exactly as your doctor or pharmacist has told you.
• The number of tablets you take each day will depend upon your condition.

Check with your doctor or pharmacist if you are not sure.

REMEMBER, this medicine is for you. Do not share it with anyone else. It may not suit them.

The recommended dose is:

• One tablet each day.
• Your doctor may increase the dose to two tablets each day.
• Do not take more or less than your doctor has prescribed.

If you take more Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma than you should

Contact your doctor immediately if you think you have taken more of your tablets than you should. The most common signs and symptoms of an overdose are a fall in blood pressure and stupor (a state of almost complete lack of consciousness). Other symptoms may include dizziness or light-headedness due to a fall in blood pressure, forceful and rapid heartbeat, rapid pulse, anxiety, cough, kidney failure, and rapid breathing.

If you forget to take Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma

• If you forget to take a tablet, skip the missed dose.
• Take the next dose as usual.
• Do not take a double dose to make up for a forgotten dose.

If you stop taking Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma

Do not stop taking your medicine, unless your doctor tells you to. If you do your blood pressure may increase. If your blood pressure becomes too high, it may affect your heart and kidneys.

If you have any further questions on the use of this medicine, ask your doctor or pharmacist.

4. Possible side effects

Like all medicines this medicine can cause side effects, although not everybody gets them. The following side effects may happen with this medicine:

It is vital to stop taking Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma and seek medical attention immediately if you begin to have the following symptom:

• allergic reaction – you may get a rash, short of breath or wheezy and develop swelling of your hands, mouth, throat, face or eyes.
• severe hypersensitivity reaction with high fever, skin rash that looks like targets (erythema multiforme); severe skin conditions with reddening, scaling and blistering of the skin (Stevens Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis).
• Liver failure or hepatitis. This may cause yellowing of your skin (jaundice).

Stop taking Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma immediately and see your doctor if you have any of the following side effects

• severe dizziness, light-headedness, especially at the start of treatment or when your dose is increased or when you stand up.

Other possible side effects

Very common (affects more than 1 in 10 people)

• blurred vision, cough, feeling sick (nausea), weakness

Common (affects less than 1 in 10 people)

• low blood pressure (which may make you feel dizzy or light-headed, especially if you stand up quickly)
• headache, depression, fainting (syncope)
• chest pain, heart rhythm changes, angina or chest pain, fast heart beat, shortness of breath
• diarrhoea, pain around your stomach area (abdomen), changes in taste, fluid retention (oedema), feeling tired
• rash, allergic reactions with swelling of the face, extremities, lips, tongue, and/or throat has been reported
• increased blood potassium level, increases in serum creatinine (both are usually detected by a test); low levels of potassium in the blood, increased levels of cholesterol, increased levels of triglycerides, increased levels of uric acid in the blood
• muscle cramps

Uncommon (affects less than 1 in 100 people)

• decreased number of red blood cells and low haemoglobin (anaemia) a sense of heightened awareness or a shaky feeling (caused by low blood sugar), confusion, feeling sleepy, difficulty sleeping, feeling nervous, tingling or numbness, feeling like you are spinning (vertigo)
• fast or uneven heart beats (palpitations), heart attack or stroke (in high risk patients)
• runny nose, sore throat and hoarseness, difficulty breathing or asthma
• slow movement of food through your intestine (ileus), inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis), being sick, indigestion, constipation, not feeling like eating properly (anorexia), stomach irritation, dry mouth, flatulence, gout
• burning, aching pain with an empty feeling and hunger, particularly when the stomach is empty (caused by a peptic ulcer), increased sweating, itching, hives (urticaria), hair loss, protein in your urine (usually detected by a test)
• impotence, decreased libido, flushing, ringing in your ears, feeling lethargic, high temperature
• increases in blood urea and decreases in blood sodium levels (usually detected by a test), feeling unwell (malaise)
• low level of magnesium in the blood (hypomagnesaemia)
• kidney problems
• joint pain

Rare (affects less than 1 in 1,000 people)

• strange dreams, sleep problems
• changes in blood test values such as a lower number of white and red blood cells, lower haemoglobin, lower number of blood platelets, and/or swollen glands in neck, armpit or groin
• autoimmune diseases, low blood flow to your fingers and toes causing redness and pain (Raynaud’s), accumulation of fluid or other substances in the lungs (as seen on X-rays), runny or sore nose
• eosinophilic pneumonia (signs may be cough, high temperature and difficulty breathing)
• pain, swelling or ulcers in your mouth, infection or pain and swelling of your tongue, kidney problems such as lower back pain and reduction in the volume of urine you pass
• inflammation of the nose
• difficulty breathing, shortness of breath
• liver failure or hepatitis, this may cause yellowing of your skin (jaundice), gall bladder problems
• severe hypersensitivity reaction with high fever, skin rash that looks like targets (erythema multiforme), Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis (severe skin conditions with reddening, scaling and blistering of the skin), severe skin rash with loss of skin and hair (exfoliative dermatitis), cutaneous lupus erythematosus (an immune disease), red rash with peeling of the skin (erythroderma), small fluid-filled bumps on the skin (pemphigus), purple or red spots on the skin (purpura)
• development of breasts in men
• increased liver enzymes or blood ‘bilirubin’ (usually detected by a blood test), increases in blood sugar
• muscle weakness, sometimes due to low potassium (paresis)

Very rare (affects less than 1 in 10,000 people)

• swelling in your intestine (intestinal angioedema). Signs may include stomach pain, feeling sick and vomiting, elevated calcium level in blood

Not known (frequency cannot be estimated from the available data)

A complex side effect has also been reported which may include some or all of the following signs:

• fever, inflammation of your blood vessels, pain and inflammation of muscles or joints
• blood disorders affecting the components of your blood (usually detected by a blood test)
• rash, hypersensitivity to sunlight and other effects on your skin
• overproduction of antidiuretic hormone, which causes fluid retention, resulting in weakness, tiredness or confusion
• skin and lip cancer (non-melanoma skin cancer)

Reporting of side effects

If you get any side effects, talk to your doctor or pharmacist. This includes any possible side effects not listed in this leaflet. By reporting side effects you can help provide more information on the safety of this medicine.

5. How to store Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma

Keep this medicine out of the sight and reach of children.

Do not store above 25°C. Store in the original container.

Do not put this medicine into another container as it might get mixed up.

Do not use this medicine after the expiry date which is stated on the carton after EXP. The expiry date refers to the last day of the month.

Do not throw away any medicines via wastewater or household waste. Ask your pharmacist how to throw away medicines you no longer use. These measures will help protect the environment.

6. Contents of the pack and further information

What Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma contains:

• The active substances in Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma Tablets are enalapril maleate and hydrochlorothiazide. Each tablet contains Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Tablet USP 2.5mg/12.5mg, 5mg/12.5mg, 10mg/12.5mg and 10mg/25mg Taj Pharma
• The other ingredients in Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma Tablets are sodium hydrogen carbonate, lactose, maize starch, yellow ferric oxide, pregelatinised starch, magnesium stearate.

What Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma looks like and the contents of the pack

Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Tablet USP 2.5mg/12.5mg Taj Pharma

Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Tablet USP 5mg/12.5mg Taj Pharma

Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Tablet USP 10mg/12.5mg Taj Pharma

Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Tablet USP 10mg/25mg Taj Pharma

Enalapril Maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide Taj Pharma Tablets are available as round, fluted, yellow tablets.

Pack Size:

Each pack contains 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 80, 120, 240, 360 and 500 uncoated tablets.

Not all pack size may be marketed in other country.

Manufactured in India by:
TAJ PHARMACEUTICALS LTD.
Mumbai, India
Unit No. 214.Old Bake House,
Maharashtra chambers of  Commerce Lane,
Fort, Mumbai – 400001
at: Gujarat, INDIA.
Customer Service and Product Inquiries:
1-800-TRY-FIRST (1-800-222-434 & 1-800-222-825)
Monday through Saturday 9:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. EST
E-mail: tajgroup@tajpharma.com